Contratto collettivo di prossimità e sua declinazione tra le fonti del diritto

di Lara Lazzeroni

SOMMARIO: Premessa. – 1. Il contratto di prossimità al cospetto degli articoli 70 e seguenti della Costituzione. – 2. Il dimensionamento del contratto di prossimità fra le fonti del diritto. – 3. Equilibrismi ed incertezze regolative. – 4. Le dinamiche in atto nel cono d’ombra della Costituzione.

The essay proposes a reflection on systematization, among sources of law, of the so-called collective bargaining agreements of “proximity”, i.e. collective bargaining agreements entered into by companies or territorial bodies, that are allowed – by virtue of Art. 8, d.l. 138/2011, converted in law no. 148/2011 – to derogate in pejus many labor laws with erga omnes effect. Unexpectedly, the ten years use of Art. 8 leads the A. to develop an analysis about the limits that are being encountered (pursuant to Art. 70 and following of the Constitution) in conferring to a third subject a regulatory function, which can be held equivalent to the one of the law: an analysis about Art. 8 like a “legal rule” for a “law making process”. The reflection moves from the diversity of the regulatory models developed until 2011 (e.g. the 1959 Vigorelli law; the public labour reform law of ’93; or the de-legification regulations in general) in the attempt to highlight the anomalies of Art. 8 and, therefore, the anomalies of proximity contract. Such peculiarities entail in particular that the rule in question does not belong to so-called “fonti-atto” but still possesses its characteristics (such as the ability to innovate objective law and its resistance to repeal). At the same time, it should be excluded from the so-called “fonti-fatto”, in light of the general interests that it is called upon to pursue.