La decretazione d’urgenza alla prova delle vere emergenze. L’epidemia da Covid-19 e i rapporti tra decreto-legge e altre fonti

di Giuseppe Mobilio

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive: il decreto-legge tra i molteplici canali di produzione normativa emergenziale. – 2. Il rispetto dei requisiti costituzionali. – 3. Il decreto-legge come fonte sulla produzione per l’emergenza. – 3.1. Atti a livello statale. – 3.2. Atti a livello territoriale. – 4. Il riflesso dei d.P.C.M. sui diritti fondamentali e sulla sistematica delle fonti. – 5. Perché decreti del Presidente del Consiglio e non decreti-legge?. – 6. Considerazioni conclusive.

The essay examines the use of the decree-laws to challenge the pandemic emergency due to Covid-19. First, it is verified whether the Government respected the conditions put by Italian Constitution in order to enact decree-laws. Once analyzed these problematics, the essay describes how decree-laws have been used to alter the regime and the nature of many other sources of law, influencing the strategies of all the other territorial levels of government. Then, the essay focuses on the differences between decree-laws and decrees of the President of the Council of Ministers, underlines the abuse of the latter and the consequences on fundamental rights, and investigates if a wider use of decree-laws to assume many crucial decisions to trigger the Covid-19 epidemic would have been more respectful of the Constitution. Finally, the paper highlights some needs to be considered by a hypothetical reform of the emergency sources of law.