di Renato Ibrido, Erik Longo e Giuseppe Mobilio

SOMMARIO: 1. Le ragioni di una ricerca. – 2. Tempo, fonti e interpretazione. – 3. Durata, sperimentazione ed efficacia delle fonti normative.

di Massimiliano Malvicini

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. – 2. Diritto transitorio, criteri di applicabilità e diritto intertemporale: considerazioni preliminari. – 3. I rapporti fra norme transitorie e norme intertemporali: spunti ricostruttivi. – 4. Contrappunti di sintesi e qualche annotazione sul principio (intertemporale) di irretroattività.

The essay considers the relationship between time and law focusing on transitional law and intertemporal law within the Italian Constitutional system, providing, specifically, a general framework of the relationships between these two types of sources of law from a taxonomic point of view. The first part of the work is dedicated to the general profiles of transitional law and intertemporal law; in this perspective, the relationships between the first and second type of norms are analyzed following the consolidated categories of the theory law; finally, in the third part of the work some particularities of the relationships between intertemporal norms and the Constitutional and Statutory (Primary) norms will be illustrated, referring, in particular, to the principle of non-retroactivity of the law.

di Chiara Graziani

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione. – 2. Corti, interpretazione e tecnologia: uno sguardo “orizzontale”. – 2.1. Il contesto europeo: le corti interne. – 2.2. Corti, interpretazione e tecnologia: uno sguardo “verticale”. – 3. Corti, interpretazione e tecnologia: uno sguardo “orizzontale”. – 3.1. La Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. – 3.2. La Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea. – 4. Alcune riflessioni conclusive.

This work examines the impact of the technological development in the case law of courts – not only supreme and constitutional, but also ordinary ones – in Western “advanced” democracies. In other words, the author aims to grasp to what extent the evolution of technology tools had an influence on how courts interpret some provisions (especially, but not just, constitutional ones). In order to restrict the scope of the analysis, this contribution addresses the above-mentioned topic from a specific perspective: that of the use of technology for public security purposes, with a focus on counter-terrorism measures. The analysis identifies different trends in the approach of courts to technology in their interpretative efforts and argues, first, that a “technologically-oriented interpretation” should be welcome, and, second, that courts should always explicitly clarify that they are interpreting some provisions in the light of the technological evolution. In this way, the importance of the reasoning of judicial decisions would be emphasized, benefitting both policy-makers and civil society.

di Francesco Laviola

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: regolazione, tempo, tecnologia e rivoluzione – 2. L’età degli algoritmi e il suo diritto: profili problematici – 3. Una prospettiva cronologica del problema della regolazione della tecnologia – 4. La tartaruga del diritto contro la lepre del tempo – 5. Un diritto a prova di futuro – 6. Testare, sperimentare, valutare… – 7. Conclusioni.

Law and technology are two human phenomena. In fact, they both derive from man's creativity and ability to find solutions to problems. The legal and technological phenomena are not, however, unconnected, but quite the opposite. The stages of technological and regulatory development are indeed interdependent, in the sense that the choices regarding the timing of regulation should take into account the degree of diffusion of technology. However, it is not only the law that is called upon to adapt to social and technical progress, but vice versa, technologies must also conform to legislative changes. In fact, law can make use of technology by incorporating principles and rules into technology itself, thus becoming a real 'law through technology'. The effectiveness of this new way of regulating power lies precisely in the technical rules and in the internalisation of principles by design and by default. This implies, however, an effort on the part of the jurist in the sense of an increasingly marked ability to have an interdisciplinary approach.

di Maria Antonella Gliatta

SOMMARIO: 1. Il “fattore tempo” nei processi di attuazione normativa. – 2. L’ipotesi dell’esistenza di un diretto collegamento fra l’uso della fonte secondaria non regolamentare e le trasformazioni della collegialità governativa nei modelli di governo di coalizione. – 3. Analisi della prassi nell’adozione dei dPCM: criteri e finalità della ricerca. – 3.1. Tipologia, natura e qualificazione. – 3.2. Aspetti procedimentali: iniziativa e proposta, concerti, deliberazione collegiale. – 4. Segue: i pareri del Comitato per la legislazione sull’uso dei dPCM.

The most recent practice of adoption of the dPCM shows the transformations that have affected the Government during the Republican legislatures. The ways and forms of use of the dPCM show a functioning of the Government in relations between Ministers and between them and the Prime Minister who depart from the collegial model as described in art. 95 of the Constitution.The practice of adopting presidential decrees reveals a use, on the one hand, not strictly monochromatic or presidentialist, of the source, on the other, a use attributable to a model that we could define as non-collegial cooperation between the Ministers and between them and the President of the Council which opens to more than one reflection.

di Edoardo Caterina

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. – 2. Fisionomia e fisiologia della legislazione sperimentale. – 3. Il dibattito dottrinale sui decreti legislativi integrativi e correttivi: uno stato dell’arte. – 4. I decreti legislativi integrativi e correttivi negli anni 2016-2021: un bilancio a partire dalla prassi. – 5. Oltre i decreti correttivi: la sperimentazione contabile come caso di studio. – 6. Conclusioni. – Appendice: decreti legislativi integrativi e correttivi negli anni 2016-2021.

In the context of delegated legislation in Italy, the Government often makes use of the instrument of 'corrective legislative decrees' (decreti legislativi integrativi e correttivi), acts with which it is possible to amend an already adopted legislative decree. The presence of this instrument is often justified on the basis of the need to test the new legislative framework. This paper will analyse the ‘corrective decrees’ of the last five years and will test the correctness of this assumption. The conclusions are that, at present, the ‘corrective decrees’ in Italy hardly ever respond to a need for experimentation.

di Ylenia Maria Citino

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: l’espansione del diritto parlamentare “sperimentale”. – 2. Se il diritto parlamentare “sperimentale” possa costituire una nuova ed autonoma categoria di fonti di matrice fattuale. – 3. Il diritto sperimentale come intersezione non perfettamente coincidente fra procedure informali e regole transitorie. – 4. I casi di sperimentalità: l’abbozzo di un primo precedente in materia di sindacato ispettivo. – 4.1. Segue: in materia di interventi incidentali. – 4.2. In materia di pubblicità dei lavori parlamentari. – 4.3. Sui lavori del Comitato per la legislazione. – 4.4. In materia di raccordo fra la Camera dei Deputati e l’Unione Europea. – 4.5. In materia di contabilità e bilancio. – 4.6. In materia di deontologia: l’approvazione in via sperimentale del codice di condotta. – 5. Ulteriori casi minori di sperimentalità deliberati dal Senato. – 6. La sperimentazione coordinata: il caso della funzione consultiva della Commissione Affari costituzionali conseguente alla riforma del Titolo V. – 7. Alcune (in)costanti del diritto parlamentare “sperimentale”. – 8. La sperimentazione “formalizzata”: due esempi italiani e un caso tratto da un ordinamento straniero. – 9. Arrendersi all’abbandono dei regolamenti o ritrovare la legalità persa: un dilemma.

This is the first article that identifies the category of “experimental parliamentary law” through a selection of some cases originating from the written opinions of the Rules of Procedure’s Committees belonging to both chambers of the Italian Parliament. These opinions, in fact, when marked as “experimental”, contain transitional and temporary rules, anticipating a coveted revision of the Parliamentary Rules. However, they stay in force for several time, even many years, and in most of the cases the revision is not accomplished. The article offers a preliminary investigation on what could possibly be included or not in this definition (such as the formalized experimentations), arguing that an extensive use of this mechanism to adopt derogatory provisions to the Parliament’s Rules can affect the normativity of the latter, eventually provoking a constitutional issue.

di Caterina Domenicali

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: oggetto e metodo della ricerca. – 2. La decadenza sulla Carta: «la migliore garanzia» contro l’abuso del decreto-legge. – 3. La decadenza in azione: le tendenze nella prassi fino all’emergenza pandemica. – 4. Il governo degli effetti temporali della decadenza al tempo del Covid-19. – 5. Considerazioni conclusive: corsi e ricorsi nell’aggiramento della decadenza.

The essay examines the decree-laws’ loss of effects, whose apparently precise characteristics only partially correspond to those it has assumed in practice. Supposed to be the intrinsic limit of Government’s provisional decisions in cases of necessity and urgency, the void from the outset of the decree-law, in case of absence of bill of conversion, in practice seems to be a consequence to be avoided. After a brief theoretical description of the institution, the essay moves to the empirical perspective, with particular regard to the pandemic, and proposes a critical analysis of the trends. The idea is that the decree-law as an act has lost contact with its provisionality, while the rules it contains are generally produced in the sign of temporariness. That represents a typical and contemporary way of law making through a first provisional regulation to be replaced with a more thoughtful one.